Fanon argues that racism is not just a social condition but a psychological wound, warping the self-perception of the colonized and the colonizer alike.
For three thousand years, sculptors in what is now Nigeria have been modelling the human face in clay, casting bronze, and carving copper portraits as refined as anything produced in the medieval world.
Modern advice assumes difficult relationships improve through openness and constant communication. Many African societies approached the problem differently. Some relationships, they believed, needed boundaries first.
Europeans saw mud, thatch, and compound clusters and called it primitive. They were looking at architecture the whole time — they just did not recognise the language.
From vaccination to caesarean sections, the medical breakthroughs credited to Europe were practiced across Africa centuries earlier. Here is the history they left out of the textbooks.
Through his chosen characters, Sembène Ousmane captures important truths in God's Bits of Wood. Penda, though labeled a whore, stands out because she refuses to succumb to the labels placed on her.
Long before colonialism, African secret societies like the Poro, Sande, Ogboni, and Ekpe ran courts, trained leaders, regulated trade, and held power accountable. Then colonial rulers dismantled them — and Africa is still paying the price.
